Younger people have become an attractive market for investment firms. The ease of buying stocks by the slice (fractional shares) and mobile apps are reasons for those new to investing to become involved, ready or not.

The issue of preparedness is important enough that FINRA (the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, which regulates brokerage firms) launched a $30 million initiative this year to “explore innovative ways to reach and educate investors, especially new, self-directed retail investors who conduct transactions through online accounts or using mobile apps,” something I wrote about in July (“Beginning Today, You Can Help the Investors of Tomorrow”).

So, when Fidelity announced earlier this year that it had created the Fidelity Youth Account, “the industry’s first brokerage account designed exclusively for 13- to 17-year-old teens” (tinyurl.com/79cf4e8), I had some questions. But, I also saw some opportunities for parents to get involved.

As a proponent of financial literacy, I thought it was an interesting way to introduce the next generation of investors to the ins and outs of the stock market -- provided there were guidelines, oversight and educational opportunities, things most parents would want as part of the endeavor.

Fidelity’s FAQs (tinyurl.com/3aa4pftm) address a number of those issues.

Who owns the account? The Youth Account “is a teen-owned brokerage account. It is owned by the minor, who makes all the investment decisions.” This makes it different from a custodial account, where the adult custodian, likely a parent or grandparent, makes investment decisions on the behalf of a minor.

With Fidelity’s programs, parents are involved, but not in charge. Parents approve the opening of the account and can close it at any time. They also have “inquiry access,” which means they can review trade confirmations and transactions, including withdrawals using the debit card that comes with the account.

Kids aren’t flying solo, however. Parents are “obligated to provide supervision/oversight and to be responsible for [their] teen’s actions.” And, parents are designated as “trusted contacts,” which Fidelity describes as “someone we can get in touch with in the event we're concerned about your health, well-being or welfare (due to exploitation, endangerment or neglect)” (tinyurl.com/2999snrv). If you are thinking about going this route, be sure to read the “Fidelity Youth Account Parent Agreement” (tinyurl.com/yn49f2he).

Is there a minimum balance? No. You can start with $1. Are there upper limits? Fidelity recommends that deposits “be limited to no more than $30,000 per calendar year,” a total that is associated with the IRS gift tax policy, according to a Fidelity spokesperson. The annual gift-tax exclusion for a donor is $15,000 per recipient in 2021.

Are there limits on investments? Yes. The account is limited to most exchange-listed National Market System securities (including fractional shares) and shares of Fidelity mutual funds.

Not available are options and margin trading, international stocks, foreign currencies, the initial public offering (IPO) of a company and cryptocurrencies.

Are there limits on the debit card? The debit card has daily spending limits for transactions and cash withdrawals, with the limits listed on the Fidelity debit card page. Although a debit card is automatically created when the account is opened, a parent/guardian or teen can choose to deactivate it by contacting Fidelity.

What happens when the child reaches 18? When the teen reaches the age of legal adulthood, the account can transition to a standard brokerage account. New account paperwork will need to be signed, but no account transfers will need to be made.

What about financial education? Fidelity’s Youth Learning Center (tinyurl.com/3enmhhze) was created “to help teens learn good financial habits.” The topics include “Setting goals and planning,” “Saving and budgeting” and “Investing basics.”

This is an interesting opportunity for teens and parents to enter the world of investing together. Important lessons can be learned, and a foundation of good financial sense can be forged, especially if parents are involved in mentoring. I’d say it’s definitely worth a look.

Julie Jason, JD, LLM, a personal money manager (Jackson, Grant Investment Advisers Inc. of Stamford, Connecticut) and award-winning author, welcomes your questions/comments (readers@juliejason.com). Please visit www.juliejason.com.

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A few weeks back, I asked you to share your thoughts with me on the topic of making digital currencies like bitcoin available through an employer’s 401(k) plan (“Should You Be Able to Invest in Cryptocurrencies in Your 401(k)?”). And, I promised to share a few of my own views as well.

This was the question I posed:

“Do you believe cryptocurrencies should be offered as an investment option in your 401(k)?”

Here are some views shared by readers:

W.P.: “There is such a thing as acceptable risk, but cryptocurrency is like juggling nitroglycerin while skiing blindfolded through a minefield.” (Quite a vivid picture!)

B.M.: “401(k)s should offer only conservative investments. One has the freedom to convert to [an] IRA, if they feel the need for more risky investments.”

J.: “While investing in any form has a risk factor, adding an unregulated and highly volatile component will introduce an outsized risk for a retirement vehicle -- particularly for a ‘set and forget’ strategy so many 401(k) holders use.”

R.M.: “I think [cryptocurrencies are] something like fantasy baseball and shouldn’t be impinging on the real world.”

Some readers pointed out that they were not necessarily going to invest in cryptocurrency themselves, but thought the option should be available for those who were interested in doing so.

P.Z. said, “I think investing in cryptocurrency is super risky, but that is no reason to put restrictions on being able to include it in your 401(k),” adding that “as long as the cryptocurrency market is a legal enterprise, investing in it should be left to the consumer. Keep the government out of the cryptocurrency business.” The last comment was in response to the fact that regulators are still sorting out if and how cryptocurrencies should be regulated.

C.W. said: “If common sense does not prevail and [cryptocurrency in 401(k) plans] is allowed, I would suggest a cap of 1% of total assets enforced. ... If anyone wants to do more, they’ll have to do it on their own and outside the 401(k).”

If you are a regular reader of this column, you will guess my position: It’s a matter of priorities.

Priority No. 1: Save for your retirement.

Priority No. 2: Invest for growth over the long term.

... Priority No. 100: Speculate only after meeting priorities 1-99. Bitcoin falls into the speculation category, as do other cryptocurrencies.

By the way, since I wrote the earlier column, digital currencies have continued to make news. A cryptocurrency platform was hacked for more than $600 million worth of digital coins (tinyurl.com/knb2aaur); a blog on the website Blockdata reported that of the top 100 banks ranked by assets under management, 55 had invested either directly or through subsidiaries in cryptocurrency or blockchain-related companies (tinyurl.com/a8u62hs); U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Gary Gensler said in a speech at the Aspen Security Forum that “Right now, large parts of the field of crypto are sitting astride of -- not operating within -- regulatory frameworks that protect investors and consumers, guard against illicit activity, ensure for financial stability, and yes, protect national security” (tinyurl.com/yj8d6wax); and a section in the infrastructure bill recently passed by the Senate and now before the House of Representatives calls for new reporting requirements for brokers who engage in transactions involving digital assets (tinyurl.com/ykukperx).

Cryptocurrencies will likely be a topic of conversation for a long time to come. We’ll see if that conversation includes bitcoin retirement plans.

In another note, if you are a regular reader of this column, let me know if you would like to be asked your views on different topics through short surveys. I’m considering starting a “regular reader” email list for that purpose. Write to me at readers@juliejason.com with your thoughts.

Julie Jason, JD, LLM, a personal money manager (Jackson, Grant Investment Advisers Inc. of Stamford, Connecticut) and award-winning author, welcomes your questions/comments (readers@juliejason.com). Please visit www.juliejason.com.

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In last week’s column, “‘Sudden’ Situation Can Put Retirement Finances At Risk,” I promised to offer advice to couples where one spouse was not able to take charge of retirement investing if need be, due to spousal incapacity or death.

This is how a reader I’ll call “Anna” put it: “I definitely fall into this category [of needing advice]. I am 67 years of age and my husband has been managing all of the investments up to this point. I really don’t have the knowledge, skills and ability -- math has always been my biggest weakness!”

Anna and her husband, whom I’ll call “Bob,” would benefit from viewing retirement as a “joint venture” between spouses.

Here is the path to go forward.

First, a reframe: One has to accept that a change is necessary. The best way to do that is to state the obvious.

Anna acknowledges that she defers to Bob on things financial. She goes further by stating an interest in learning what it takes to increase her knowledge. And, she asks: What would Bob suggest?

Without Anna coming forward with an inquiry statement, someone in Bob’s position could assume a lack of interest on Anna’s part. It’s Anna’s job to initiate. It’s Bob’s job to be open to discussion.

Bob could begin with one very simple, very important retirement planning baseline: the retirement income gap.

In three easy steps, he would review:

1) Retirement spending

2) Retirement income from Social Security and pensions

3) The difference between those two figures, and whether there is a gap that needs to be filled from investments.

Knowledge of the gap is the foundational piece of information that leads to achieving retirement security.

This straightforward review would give Anna a start in understanding one important goal of a retirement portfolio -- how to fill the gap.

Every investment decision flows from this base of knowledge -- and it doesn’t take serious study. Even if you, like Anna, don’t care for math, you can do this work.

If you do this review, you will (hopefully) be better able to move on to discuss the investment strategy, how to stay informed of progress, and what to expect of financial professionals who may be an important part of the team.

While this is not the case for all families, couples should keep in mind that it’s usually -- but not always -- the wife who finds herself in the “suddenly” situation. As I mentioned a few weeks ago, the National Center for Health Statistics found that through the first half of 2020, the average life expectancy at birth for males was 75.1 years, which was 5.4 years less than for females (tinyurl.com/p43cchrc).

As the Department of Labor pointed out for married women in its report “Taking the Mystery Out of Retirement Planning” (tinyurl.com/y9xay2bf), “When preparing for retirement, you face the very real possibility of spending part of your retirement without your spouse’s financial support -- most likely through widowhood.”

Well before you join the ranks of the suddenly single, consider this shift in thinking (and doing) on the part of both spouses/partners. Once you realize that both spouses would benefit from jointly being involved in retirement finances, it’s easy to start a review of the retirement income gap.

I’ll be writing more about this topic in future columns.

Julie Jason, JD, LLM, a personal money manager (Jackson, Grant Investment Advisers Inc. of Stamford, Connecticut) and award-winning author, welcomes your questions/comments (readers@juliejason.com). Please visit www.juliejason.com.

DISTRIBUTED BY ANDREWS MCMEEL SYNDICATION